NMIM’s Time and Frequency laboratory maintains two high performance and three standard performance Caesium (Cs) atomic reference frequency standards. One of the high performance Cs reference frequency standards is designated as Malaysian National Frequency Standards (MNFS), with accuracy of ± 5 × 10-13 s .

 With these standards and continuous All-in-View GPS time comparisons, where the data is contributed to Bureau Weights and Measures (BIPM) for the generation of the International Atomic Time (TAT) scale. NMIM is capable to provide traceability to the SI Unit of time interval for time and frequency measurement.

 Malaysian Standard Time (MST) is UTC (NMLS) + 8 Hours, due to the time zone selected which is the longitude of 1200 East. UTC (NMLS) is currently defined to be the epoch of the 1 pulse per second timing signal output at the rear panel of the Malaysian National Frequency Standards. NMIM steers the frequency of the standard to maintain UTC(NMLS) to be within approximately 1 ms of the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

Resistance laboratories provide the measurement traceability for resistance as well as development and maintenance of national physical standards for resistance. The laboratories provides calibration measurements with capability  from 1 mΩ to 1 TΩ. The National Standard of Resistance is a 1 Ω and 10 kΩ resistors kept in an oil bath at temperature of 23°C ± 0.001°C. The reference standard resistor is calibrated at BIPM on a regular schedule and disseminate to other resistors by using the automated DCC bridge at range of 1 mΩ to 10 MΩ. Resistance values below 1Ω achieved by using Direct Current Comparator Bridge with a Range Extender. The system has ratios up to 1000:1 with the relative uncertainty of 10-6. The resistance values from above 10 MΩ are scaled up using a modified Wheatstone bridge by replacing Resistive arms with 2 DC Voltage. The resistance laboratories dissemination, capability and uncertainty are shown in following table and diagram respectively. 

DC Resistance	:	Low range - 1 mΩ to 100 m Ω Medium range - 1 Ω to 10 M Ω High range – 100 MΩ to 1 TΩ
Best Measurement Capability	:	±0.5 mΩ/Ω to ± 585 mΩ/Ω	1  Ω standard resistor
DC Current  Shunt	:	1 A to 100 A
Best Measurement Capability	:	±   5 mA/A to ± 100 mA/A

AC power and energy standard are maintained by Power/Energy Laboratory of NMIM. The function of the laboratory is to provide measurement and calibration of AC power and energy. In legal metrology, the laboratory involved in pattern approval of electricity meter used for trade.  

Voltage Laboratory has developed high accuracy capability to support national voltage activities. The chart illustrates the traceability for voltage measurement in Malaysia.

The traceability of DC voltage standard to SI unit is realised by using Josephson Junction Voltage system in the range of 1 V, 1.018 V and 10 V with best uncertainty at 0.2 mV.

JJV Systems	Zener Voltage Standard 732B	Zener Voltage Standard 7001